{"id":18866,"date":"2025-04-19T12:36:24","date_gmt":"2025-04-19T04:36:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bookcard.net\/wordpress\/?p=18866"},"modified":"2025-06-20T21:11:37","modified_gmt":"2025-06-20T13:11:37","slug":"linux_command","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bookcard.net\/wordpress\/linux_command\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u547d\u4ee4"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Linux\u547d\u4ee4\"<\/a>
Linux\u547d\u4ee4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u300eLinux\u300f\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u904e\u300eterminal\u7d42\u7aef\u300f\u57f7\u884c. PuTTY\u7d42\u7aef\u9060\u7a0b\u767b\u9304SSH<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u300eLinux\u300f\u4ee5\u300e\u6a39\u578b\u7d50\u69cb\u300f\u7d44\u7e54\u300e\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u300f,\u300e\u6a39\u578b\u7d50\u69cb\u300f\u9802\u7aef\u4fc2\u6839\u76ee\u9304. \u7528\u300e\/\u300f\u8868\u793a.\u6839\u76ee\u9304\u300e\/\u300f\u4e0b\u300e\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u300f\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7528\u5eb6.\u300eLinux\u300f\u5206\u914d\u300e\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u300f\u7540\u4f62.<\/p>\n

Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u7531\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7d44\u6210.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
prompt Command param1 param2 \u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u8a9e\u6cd5, linux\u5340\u5206\u5927\u7d30\u5beb. \u4e14\u7d30\u5beb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
prompt<\/td>\n\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\/\u524d\u7f00, \u7531linux\u7540\u51fa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
command<\/td>\n\u547d\u4ee4\/\u6307\u4ee4,linux\u547d\u4ee4\u5927\u591a\u4fc2\u7d30\u5beb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
param<\/td>\n\u53c2\u6578,\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u65bc\u58f9\u500b. \u4ee5\u5409\u683c\u5206\u9694<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u6bcf\u884c\u884c\u982d\u986f\u793a\u985e\u63d0\u793a\u7b26,\u7531linux\u7540\u51fa\u849e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
username@hostname:~#<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u884c\u982d\u63d0\u793a\u7b26:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u63d0\u793a\u7b26:<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Username<\/td>\n\u7576\u524d\u7528\u6236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
@<\/td>\n\u6240\u5c6c\u4e3b\u6a5f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hostname<\/td>\n\u4e3b\u6a5f\u540d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
:<\/td>\n\u5206\u9694\u8def\u5f91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
path<\/td>\n\u7576\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u8def\u5f91.\u300e~\u300f:\u7528\u6236\u4e3b\u76ee\u9304.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
#<\/td>\n\u5206\u9694\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Linux\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
apt \u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\nubuntu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudo apt install name<\/td>\n\u5b89\u88dd\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudo apt update<\/td>\n\u66f4\u65b0\u672c\u5730\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5305\u5217\u8868<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
apt list –upgradable<\/td>\n\u5217\u8209\u672c\u5730\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5305\u5217\u8868<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudo apt upgrade<\/td>\n\u5347\u7d1a\u519a\u8fa6\u95cc\u5df2\u5b89\u88dd\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
apt search name<\/td>\n\u641c\u7d22\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5305<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
apt show name<\/td>\n\u986f\u793a\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5305\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudo apt remove name<\/td>\n\u79fb\u9664\u5df2\u5b89\u88dd\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudo apt autoclean<\/td>\n\u6e05\u7406\u5df2\u4e0b\u8f09\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sudo apt autoremove<\/td>\n\u6e05\u7406\u5187\u7528\u4f9d\u8cf4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
pwd<\/td>\n\u986f\u793a\u7576\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55
\n,\u8fd4\u56de\u985e\u4f3c\u300e\/dev\/cpu\u300f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cd \/<\/td>\n\u8a2a\u554f\u6839\u76ee\u9304<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cd ~<\/td>\n\u8a2a\u554f\u7528\u6236\u4e3b\u76ee\u9304<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cd ..<\/td>\n\u4e0a\u4e00\u7d1a\u76ee\u9304<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cd –<\/td>\n\u56de\u892a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cd path<\/td>\n\u6307\u5b9a\u8a2a\u9593\u76ee\u9304, \u4f8b\u300ecd \/dev\/cpu\u300f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
cp sour dest<\/td>\n\u590d\u5236\u6587\u6a94\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u593e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cp -a sour dest<\/td>\n\u590d\u5236,\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6709\u6b0a\u9650.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cp -af sour dest<\/td>\n\u590d\u5236\u519a\u8fa6\u721b\u6587\u6a94\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u593e,\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6709\u6b0a\u9650.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cp -avf sour dest<\/td>\n\u590d\u5236\u519a\u8fa6\u721b\u6587\u6a94\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u593e,\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6709\u6b0a\u9650.\u986f\u793a\u9032\u5ea6.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
mv sour dest<\/td>\n\u79fb\u52d5\u6216\u6539\u540d-\u6587\u6a94\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u593e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mv -f sour dest<\/td>\n\u79fb\u52f3\u6216\u6539\u540d-\u6587\u6a94\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u593e.\u5f3a\u884c\u543e\u4f7f\u786e\u8a8d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
rm path<\/td>\n\u522a\u6587\u6a94\u6216\u5409\u8cc7\u6599\u593e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rm -f path<\/td>\n\u522a\u6587\u6a94\u6216\u5409\u8cc7\u6599\u593e, \u5f3a\u884c\u543e\u4f7f\u786e\u8a8d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rm -r path<\/td>\n\u9012\u6b78\u522a-\u519a\u8fa6\u721b\u6587\u6a94\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u593e.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rm -rf path<\/td>\n\u9012\u6b78\u5f3a\u884c\u522a-\u519a\u8fa6\u721b\u6587\u6a94\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u593e.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
ls<\/td>\n\u5217\u51fa\u7576\u524d\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u4e0b\u519a\u8fa6\u721b\u300e\u6587\u6a94\u300f\u4edd\u300e\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u300f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ls -l<\/td>\n\u6587\u6a94+\u8cc7\u6599\u593e+\u8a73\u7d30\u6e05\u55ae<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ls -al<\/td>\n\u6587\u6a94+\u8cc7\u6599\u593e+\u96b1\u85cf\u6587\u6a94+\u8a73\u7d30\u6e05\u55ae<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
chown \u00a0param \u00a0user \u00a0\u00a0path<\/td>\n\u6539\u300e\u76ee\u9304\u300f\u300e\u6587\u6a94\u300f\u62e5\u6709\u6b0a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
user<\/td>\n\u5e33\u6236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
chown\u00a0 -Rv\u00a0 admin\u00a0 .\/*<\/td>\n\u7947\u6709root\u5e33\u865f,\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u5b83\u5e33\u865f\u6b0a\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-R<\/td>\n\u9012\u6b78\u57f7\u884c\u6539\u62e5\u6709\u6b0a\u300e\u76ee\u9304\u300f\u300e\u5b50\u76ee\u9304\u300f\u300e\u6587\u6a94\u300f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-v<\/td>\n\u986f\u793a\u57f7\u884c\u904e\u7a0b.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
chgrp\u00a0 param\u00a0 group\u00a0 path<\/td>\n\u6539\u300e\u76ee\u9304\u300f\u300e\u6587\u6a94\u300f\u6240\u5c6c\u7fa4\u7d44<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
group<\/td>\n\u7fa4\u7d44<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
chgrp\u00a0 -Rv\u00a0 admin\u00a0 .\/*<\/td>\n\u7947root\u5e33\u865f,\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u5b83\u7fa4\u7d44\u6b0a\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-R<\/td>\n\u9012\u6b78\u57f7\u884c\u300e\u76ee\u9304\u300f\u300e\u5b50\u76ee\u9304\u300f\u300e\u6587\u6a94\u300f\u6539\u7fa4\u7d44<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-v<\/td>\n\u986f\u793a\u57f7\u884c\u904e\u7a0b.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
chmod\u00a0 user group other\u00a0 filename<\/td>\n\u6539\u300e\u76ee\u9304\u300f\u300e\u6587\u6a94\u300f\u6b0a\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
chmod\u00a0 760\u00a0 run.log<\/td>\n\u6539\u300e\u6587\u6a94\u300f\u6b0a\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n\u62e5\u6709\u8005user-\u53ef\u8b80\u53ef\u5beb\u53ef\u57f6\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n\u7fa4\u7d44group-\u53ef\u8b80\u53ef\u5beb\u6b0a\u7981\u57f6\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0<\/td>\n\u975e\u7fa4\u7d44other-\u7981\u8b80\u7981\u5beb\u7981\u57f6\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo chmod 777 -R \/openwrt<\/td>\n\u6539\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u4e0b\u519a\u8fa6\u721b\u8b80\u5beb\u6b0a\u9650\u53ef\u8b80\u53ef\u5beb\u53ef\u57f6\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
mkdir name<\/td>\n\u5275\u5efa\u8cc7\u6599\u593e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rmdir name<\/td>\n\u522a\u9664\u8cc7\u6599\u593e,\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u8981\u5409, \u6709\u300e\u6587\u6a94\u300f\u4edd\u300e\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u300f\u6539\u7528
\n\u300erm -r path\u300f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u9f4b\u7747\u6587\u672c<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
cat filename<\/td>\n\u9f4b\u7747\u6587\u672c, \u7957\u8b80\u6a21\u5f0f. \u901a\u904eSSH\u7d42\u7aef\u56de\u892a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cat filename | more<\/td>\n\u64b3\u300eEnter\u300f\u9375\u9042\u884c\u5f48\u51fa.<\/p>\n

\u64b3\u300eCTRL+C\u300f\u9375\u9000\u51fa.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Tal -n linenum filename<\/td>\n\u6587\u672c\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
date<\/td>\n\u65e5\u671f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cal<\/td>\n\u65e5\u6b77<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
shutdown<\/td>\n\u9582\u6a5f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
reboot<\/td>\n\u91cd\u555f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sync<\/td>\n\u5f3a\u884c\u7de9\u5b58\u5beb\u5165\u78c1\u789f,\u5187\u6d88\u606f\u8fd4\u56de.\u4ee5\u4eff\u8f15\u6a5f\u9020\u6210\u6587\u6a94\u640d\u58de.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
dmesg<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7d71\u555f\u52d5\u4fe1\u606f,\u901a\u904eSSH\u7d42\u7aef\u56de\u892a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
dmesg | more<\/td>\n\u64b3\u300eEnter\u300f\u9375\u9042\u884c\u5c55\u793a.<\/p>\n

\u64b3\u300eCTRL+C\u300f\u9375\u9000\u51fa.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
df<\/td>\n\u78c1\u789f\u8a73\u60c5,\u4ee5\u300ebit\u300f\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
df -h<\/td>\n\u78c1\u789f\u8a73\u60c5,\u8f49\u63db\u70ba
\n\u300emb\u300f
\n\u300egb\u300f\u55ae\u4f4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
free<\/td>\n\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4,\u4ee5\u300ebit\u300f\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
free -r<\/td>\n\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4,\u8f49\u63db\u70ba
\n\u300emb\u300f
\n\u55ae\u4f4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
uname<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7d71<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
uname\u00a0 -r<\/td>\n\u7248\u672c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
uname\u00a0 -a<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7d71+\u5167\u6838+\u7248\u672c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
ps<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7d71\u9032\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
top<\/td>\n\u5be6\u6642\u7cfb\u7d71\u9032\u7a0b<\/p>\n

\u64b3\u300eCTRL+C\u300f\u9375\u9000\u51fa.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
uptime<\/td>\n\u5de5\u4f5c\/\u904b\u884c\u6642\u9577<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
ifconfig<\/td>\n\u6709\u7dda\u7db2\u8def\u63a5\u53e3\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
iwconfig<\/td>\n\u5187\u7dda\u7db2\u8def\u63a5\u53e3\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
lspci<\/td>\nPCI\/PCIE\u7e3d\u7dda<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
lsusb<\/td>\nUSB\u7e3d\u7dda<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
lshal<\/td>\n\u8a2d\u5099\u786c\u4ef6\u62bd\u8c61\u5c64(HAL)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
lshw<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7d71\u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
dmesg<\/td>\n\u6aa2\u6e2c\u5167\u6838\u555f\u52d5\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo<\/td>\n\u7372\u5f97\u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406\u8cec\u865froot\u6b0a\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
netstat \u00a0-lnp<\/td>\n\u7db2\u8def\u7aef\u53e3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mount<\/td>\n\u5df2\u6302\u8f09\u5206\u5340<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
fdisk -l<\/td>\n\u53ef\u7528\u78c1\u789f\u5206\u5340.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
command\u00a0 –help<\/td>\n\u5e6b\u52a9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
apk \u00a0–help<\/td>\n\u5e6b\u52a9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
find \u00a0\/ \u00a0-name \u00a0“ttyUSB*”<\/td>\n\u641c\u7d22\u542bttyUSB\u6587\u6a94, \u5340\u5206\u5927\u7d30\u5beb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
find\u00a0 \/\u00a0 -iname\u00a0 “ttyUSB*”<\/td>\n\u641c\u7d22\u542bttyUSB\u6587\u6a94, \u543e\u5206\u5927\u7d30\u5beb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u300eLinux\u300f\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u904e\u300eterminal\u7d42\u7aef\u300f\u57f7\u884c. PuTTY\u7d42\u7aef\u9060\u7a0b\u767b\u9304SSH. \u300eLinux\u300f\u4ee5\u300e\u6a39\u578b\u7d50 … <\/p>\n

\u7e7c\u7e8c\u95b1\u8b80 Linux\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[283,281,13],"tags":[284,282,8],"class_list":["post-18866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux","category-openwrt","category-pc","tag-linux","tag-openwrt","tag-network","entry"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bookcard.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18866","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bookcard.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bookcard.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bookcard.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bookcard.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18866"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.bookcard.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18866\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18984,"href":"https:\/\/www.bookcard.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18866\/revisions\/18984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bookcard.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18866"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bookcard.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18866"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bookcard.net\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}